Essay on American Music at the Turn of the 20th Century

To understand whether an ‘American’ music emerged out of traditions in the turn of the 20th century, we need to focus on the term ‘American’ and what musical genres fall under that category. For one, America, in a cultural sense, is seen as one huge ‘melting pot’, an amalgamation of cultures, ethnic traditions, beliefs and styles of music. It is very difficult to label one genre under the category of American music, as a vast amount of styles, in historical terms, have come about from a mixture of styles such as Jazz and Country music. Influences from a variety of ethnic backgrounds provided the chance for the growth and commercialism of genres and made them more mainstream. With the focus being on jazz and Country, it is made clear that†¦show more content†¦Again, having its foundations traced back to its southern origins, it became widely recognised by John Sousa, who blended both syncopated jazz with classical music brought over from across the pond. In terms of ethnic traditions, music which emerged from early black culture cannot technically be defined as American alone. These purely African styles of music, fused with slave culture, laid the foundations for Jazz (emerged from Blues) music but cannot solely be categorised as American. It was when the Creole population (black population who were born in America) began to develop in the mid-nineteenth century, along with merges from European classical music, that the genre, created by this ethnic group, was received as American. As time moved on, so did Jazz’s musical development. Its links with white-American musical styles increased in order to categorise itself as popular music. Despite the genre having its initial, strong African-American roots, and in 1850, almost one out of every six Americans was of African descent, (Crawford, 2001a, 249) the Jazz scene began to merge with white culture. When the style hit cities like Chicago in particular, artist s like Leon Biederbecke, a white musician from Iowa, began to make an impact on Jazz traditions. As a teenager, he found love forShow MoreRelatedThe History Of American Music1288 Words   |  6 Pageshistory of American music begins with a fundamental process of exchange through all different social lines, where diverse cultures meet, and mix. Music has and always will be defined as sounds that are arranged in a particular pattern that are played to be meaningful and pleasurable. The chronology of music began in the Medieval period, when chanting was introduced into the Church. Music has then moved its way through many stages: renaissance, baroque, classical, romantic and leading up to 20th centuryRead MoreARTS 125 Week 5 Assignment Art And Culture Paper858 Words   |  4 Pagesto go far because all one has to do is turn on the computer and connect to the World Wide Web to get information on everything. Architecture, sculpture, and painting has been around for ages, then photog raphy made its way on to the art scene in the 1820’s and has taken leaps and bounds to establish itself as fine art The evolutions of styles are also examined. The role of diversity in the development of the arts and how it changed throughout the 20th century is examined. The role of women and theirRead MoreEssay about Music and Its Influence on 20th Century American History1270 Words   |  6 PagesMusic and its Influence on 20th Century American History With the start of the 20th century music began to play a huge part in the rapidly maturing United States. Music of the 20th century was not only there to entertain the people but it was more. It was now used to influence and manipulate the listeners. Artists had a goal to entertain and to enlighten the listener so that they could get their messages heard. Music is one of the best ways to advertise and to expand ideas, and many artists knewRead MoreJazz From The United States999 Words   |  4 Pagesin the early part of the 20th century. From Ragtime and blues to Big Bean and Bebop, jazz has been a part of a proud African American tradition for over 100 years. The history of jazz has its roots firmly planted in the American cities of New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City. New Orleans jazz was first recorded in Chicago and New York, not in New Orleans. The first recording was the Original Dixieland Jazz Band. Jazz is often referred to as â€Å"American’s classical music. ’’ Jazz is known as one’sRead MoreHistory of Music Education in America1580 Words   |  7 Pageshistory is another profound history, which is the history of music education in America. Music education has changed and grown dramatically from century to century from the 18th century to present times. Each century show a great moment and growth in the history of music education. This paper will show how music education has grown from the 18th century. 18th century The 18th century can be considered the beginning of centered music education. The reason for this is because of the great declineRead MoreThe Chaos Of Establishing An American Identity1304 Words   |  6 PagesChaos of Establishing an American Identity: Charles Ives Charles Ives is the quintessential 20th century American composer. From his early organ music and music training to his later symphonic pieces and art songs, his music is drenched in early American nostalgia, quotes, and culture. Not only has Ives come to be known so well for his establishment of an American identity, but also his use of complex compositional techniques that fit so well in a post-Romantic era of music. Delving through the historyRead MoreFamous Jazz Saxophonist And Educator Ahmad Alaadeen925 Words   |  4 Pagessaxophonist and educator Ahmad Alaadeen once said â€Å"Jazz does not belong to one race or culture, but is a gift that America has given the world.† Jazz is a style of music that everyone knows and loves. It is a style that’s both smooth and sharp, a style that created words such as â€Å"cool† and â€Å"nice†. A style who has roots as old as time, and helps shape music we love and here today. Jazz draws form styles such as blue s, folk, marches, ragtime. From contributors such as Scott Joplin, Charles â€Å"Buddy† Bolder, DukeRead MoreMr. Davis, An Inspirational Jazz Musician That Paved The World Of Music877 Words   |  4 Pagesone of the greatest things to happen to the music industry. Mr. Davis and his team were setting revolutionizing the world of music. Mr. Davis was an inspirational jazz musician that paved the way for future musicians and artists. Miles Dewey Davis was born on May 26, 1926 in the great state of Illinois. The 20th century proved to be a very trying period for African Americans all around the country with the equal rights being a myth. African Americans were seen as a lowly entity that was not toRead MoreThe Great Depression1133 Words   |  5 Pagesanother world war to follow, the twentieth century was already shaping out to be a handful. When the Great Depression was coming to an end and the economy was trying to turn around, jobs started opening up and a new wave of immigrants came into New York, the Puerto Ricans. For some the American dream was to come to America and start a new life, but for others already here, it was about making it big in show business. â€Å"West Side Story†, a twentieth century musical, was greatly influenced by the immigrationRead MoreLouis Armstrong : The Greatest Jazz Artist1087 Words   |  5 PagesLouis â€Å"Satchmo† Armstrong One of the greatest in Jazz music history Louis Armstrong, a man of many talents and skills his occupation ranging from singer, film star, soloist, comedian, bandleader, and most importantly a jazz trumpeter with his thrilling performances; being recognized as one of the greatest jazz artist in history. Louis Armstrong is considered one of the most influential jazz artists capturing the people’s attention with his â€Å"daring trumpet style and vocals†. Developing his skills

The First Amendment and Christmas Trees in the Workplace

Topic The First Amendment and Christmas Trees in the workplace and public arena. Thesis While a strict interpretation of the Constitution could find that Christmas Trees in the workplace are inappropriate, there is a dependent factor based on convergence, tradition, and community values. Outline Overview Presentation of the issue Christmas Trees in the Workplace and the First Amendment a. The First Amendment Review b. Review framing of Constitution vis-ÃÆ' -vis 1st Amendment c. Political and social context d. Evolution of political and social context in relation to 1st Amendment The First Amendment as Freedom of Speech and Religious Expression Interpretation of Freedom of Speech Interpretation of Freedom of Religious Expression Limits to Amendment in contemporary society Literature Review Pre-1990 writings Contemporary scholarship Historical Court Cases Historiography of Issue Evolution of Courts opinion and interpretation of the issue Polarized Views Pro and Con of allowing Christmas Trees in workplace Christmas Trees should be part of protected 1st Amendment Rights Christmas Trees are an expression of religion, and therefore are not Protected for public view in workplace Conclusions and Further Research Article To end Christmas Wars, Separate Secular from Sacred. (2010). First Amendment Center. Retrieved from: HYPERLINK http://www.firstamendmentcenter.org/assembly/..%5C/rel_liberty/publiclife/faqs.aspx?id=19680Show MoreRelatedChristmas Trees in the Workplace and the First Amendment: An Overview of the Issue5305 Words   |  21 PagesOverview Presentation of the issue Christmas Trees in the Workplace and the First Amendment a. The First Amendment Review b. Review framing of Constitution vis-ÃÆ'  -vis 1st Amendment c. Political and social context d. Evolution of political and social context in relation to 1st Amendment The First Amendment as Freedom of Speech and Religious Expression Interpretation of Freedom of Speech Interpretation of Freedom of Religious Expression Limits to Amendment in contemporary society LiteratureRead MoreConsumer Lifestyle in Singapore35714 Words   |  143 Pages............................................................................................. 10 Working Conditions................................................................................................................. 10 Women in the Workplace........................................................................................................ 12 Commuting ............................................................................................................................. 13Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesDeveloping an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 Experiential ExerciseRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesbegins with careful planning, followed by data collection, data description using graphical and numerical summaries, data analysis, and ï ¬ nally interpretation of results. This process is described in detail in Chapter 1, and the ordering of topics in the ï ¬ rst ten chapters of the book mirrors this process: data collection, then data description, then statistical inference. The logical order in the data analysis process can be pictured as shown in the following ï ¬ gure. Step 1: Acknowledging Variability—

Organic Farming Can Not Feed The World Essay - 1740 Words

Ever since the Agricultural Revolution, farming has always been organic. As the human population grew, conventional farming, farming with non-organic methods (using synthetic fertilizers and pesticides), became prevalent to satisfy the population’s demand for food. Recently, organic farming has attracted consumers for its health, environmental, and agricultural benefits versus conventional farming, however, there is a debate whether organic farming can produce enough food to satisfy the current population of 7 billion people and future populations on Earth. Ed Hamer and Mark Anslow argue in â€Å"10 Reasons Why Organic Can Feed the World† that organic farming can produce enough food to satisfy today’s population, while D.J. Connor argues otherwise in â€Å"Organic Agriculture Cannot Feed the World†. Even though organic farming has plenty advantages over conventional farming, we should stick to improving conventional farming because the projections for orga nic farming that Hamer and Anslow use are misleading. Hamer and Anslow state 10 arguments on why organic farming can feed the world. The first argument they make is that organic farming yields exceed those of conventional farming. It has greater yields in less-industrialized countries, which â€Å"in an analysis of more than 286 organic conversions in 57 [less-industrialized] countries, the average yield increase was found to be an impressive 64 percent† (71). In industrialized countries like the United States, the University of EssexShow MoreRelatedOrganic Farming Can Help Feed The World And Will Help Maintain Soil1061 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween organic and conventional agriculture, despite historically low rates of investment in organic cropping systems. (Berkeley)† Organic agriculture has increased biodiversity. There is an ambition that agriculture can help feed the world and will help maintain soil (Berkeley). A student at Berkeley says, â€Å"Increasing that p roportion of agriculture that uses sustainable, organic methods of farming is not a choice, it’s a necessity (Kreman).† There are some things that are bad about organic farmingRead MoreSustainability Vs. Conventional Farming1299 Words   |  6 Pagessite-specific application. (Gold) The sales of organics are at an all time high, but the concern is that consumers do not know the true facts behind organic farming. Oftentimes, organics are said to be sustainable and are better for the public than conventional farming, but that is not true. Organic farming is not sustainable. This is proven by giving the true meaning of sustainability vs. conventional farming, stating the regulations behind organic farming, and use the two to show how all of this affectsRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Organic Foods950 Words   |  4 PagesBenefits of Organic Foods Sales of organic food have risen steadily over the past couple of years, reaching nearly $30 billion in 2011, or 4.2% of all U.S. food and beverage sales, (Adams). Many people believe that organic foods are ultimately the better choice when it comes to health due to the absence of pesticides and hormones. But other people—especially those whose food budgets may be more defined—wonder if organic food is really worth the inflated price tag. Despite the price, Organic foods areRead MoreOrganic Futures : The Case Of Organic Farming1213 Words   |  5 PagesWith third world countries barely beginning modern day agriculture practices, they are looking for an easy, effective, sustainable, method to produce food for themselves and their families. Adrian Myers the author of Organic Futures: the Case of Organic Farming writes: â€Å"†¦with the recent growth of organic and sustainable agriculture in Third World countries, are extremely hopeful signs. The thought, therefore, of writing about the worst aspects of conventional farming was daunting† (Myers 87). TheseRead MoreA Debate Between Organic Foods And Non Organic Food1689 Words   |  7 Pagesbetter day by day for humans need and survivenment, but one thing is that human will never be able survive without food. Food comes from farms and animals. There are many ways for farming like organic farming, conventional farming, commercial farming, multi-crop farming, factory farming and many more other technique of it. Farming has a significant role in toady’s economy. All people should know what they are eating and they have right to know for their health and survivenment. People need to know howRead MoreWhy Organic Farming Is Capable Of Sustaining The Global Population891 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Components 1. Discuss the â€Å"problem statement,† (what is the issue we are addressing?) - The â€Å"problem statement† to these three articles is to see if organic farming is capable of sustaining the global population by weighing the pros and cons of organic vs conventional farming. 2. Who are the authors and what are their qualifications? - First author, DiGregori has neither expertise or credential; he is a phD in Economics and does not have any experience dealing with agronomy nor didRead MoreHow Organic Farming Affects The Growth Of The Green Movement1061 Words   |  5 PagesUp until the 1920’s, most agriculture and farming was done organically. Farmers used products that were naturally earth made to control the weeds, pest, and help the soil maintain its nutritional value. There wasn’t any chemicals or insecticide until the Second World War, when the researchers discover that nerve gas was able to kill insects. The first insecticide was created in 1939 by Paul Miller. Since then organic farming has dramatically decreased and more insecticides has become extremely popularRead MoreThe American Farmer845 Words   |  4 Pagesconsume organic produce due to the thought that it is healthiest route. As an agriculturalist I want to make people aware of the risks and underlying conditions that they do not take into consideration when consuming organic commodities. When consumers hear the word â€Å"organic† they think the food they are eating is free of pesticides, hormones, and a plethora of chemicals, which is partly true. Farmers of all crops have to use pesticides to keep their crops alive; in the case of organics, farmersRead MoreAre Organic And Conventional Produce? Essay1226 Words   |  5 Pageswrote letters combating each other’s views on organic versus conventionally grown produce. They did agree on some aspects of organic, such as the environmental impact, but they also disagreed on the health benefits of organic and conventional produce. Peter Melchett, Director of the Soil Association in the United Kingdom stated that organic produce is much more nutritional than conventional due to the simple fact that people were saying they bought organic because they â€Å"thought† it was more nutritionalRead MoreEssay on Organic versus Non-Organic Food and Food Production1032 Words   |  5 Pages Have you ever wondered what the difference is between organic and non organic food? Some may say there aren’t any differences in the food itself, but the real difference lies in the means of producing the food. The controversy here is the environmental effects of different farming methods. Some believe that organic farming methods are better than conventional farming methods and some believe the opposite. There are many factors to determine which method is better but we are here to investigate

Training and Development for Consumer Needs - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theTraining and Development forConsumer Needs. Answer: Introduction The changes in the needs and the preferences of the consumers have resulted to the changes in the organizational structure of the multinationals. The service-rendering sector has developed rapidly in the recent years based on the consumer needs. The transportation industry also contributed to the change depending on the consumer habits. The most important consideration undertaken by the sector is to provide comfortable journey experience to the clients. The report focuses on the issues faced by Comfort Delgro Corporation, while operating in the market of Singapore. The issue faced by the company is due to the lower retention rate of the clients. It is due to the higher availability of the private car services available in the region. Determining the goal of the organization and formulation of the strategies in order to achieve the goal is the basic step that must be undertaken by the organization to make its progress in the market (Young, Birrell Stanton, 2012). Training is an important factor undertaken by the industry in order to enhance the efficiency of the functions undertaken by the organizations. Training helps in the development process of the organization. It helps in creating skilled work force for the organization, which adds to the progress of the organization. The purpose of this report is to understand the steps undertaken by the organization to improve the market conditions. The report enumerates the steps that the company must take in order to sustain their services in the given region and manage the risks faced by the industry. The training of the employees and the efficient management undertaken by the organization helps in maintaining the brand loyalty among the consumers (Rolim et al., 2012). The analysis discusses the needs of the company to undertake training and thereby formulate procedures to undertake the same. Goals of the company The goals of the company are based on the requirement of change that the company faces in the present market. The major goal of the company is to retain the potential clients through the proper training of the staff working in the internal and the external departments of the company (Tolley Turton, 2014). Training helps in maintaining the skilled work force of the organization and thereby helps in modifying the systems based on the changes in the taste and preferences of the clients. The services that are being offered by the organization is again based on the resources of the company, which helps in providing the expected service to the clients. Organizational training needs In order to understand the goal formulated by the company, proper training must be undertaken by the company to demonstrate the goal to the employees. The demonstration will help in making the employees understand the goal and the issues faced buy the organization and thereby formulate their individual course of action to achieve the goal. The needs of the organization are based on the issues faced by the organization (Chang Hung, 2013). The issues that are being addressed in the previous part of the analysis are addressed through the training of the employees. The organization takes several steps to commemorate the changes in the organizational structure and its subsequent functions. The need of the employees to adopt themselves to the evolving technologies and the proper usage of the portal or the interface that is used to track the clients helps the employees in managing the systems efficiently (Khisty Lall, 2017). Therefore, training is to be induced by the organization in order to make significant progress. On the other hand, proper language training must be induced in order to make the drivers awre of the different tongues of the client and thereby assist the clients depending on their requirements. The varied requirements of the clients can be addressed through the proper training that the organization reaches out to the employees. Task analysis in order to develop tacit and cognitive knowledge The organization performs its actions based on the functionality of the internal and the external departments. The integrated functions of the departments help the organization to take the decisions and implement them for the effectiveness of the business. In order to improve the functioning of the organization, the company must undertake steps to train both the internal and the external departments of the organization. The organization must understand the requirement of the training based on the functions undertaken by the departments. Understanding the requirements of the training helps the organization to enumerate the ways in which the efficient training can be undertaken. The training will be helping the organization to make its market improvements. The internal department of the organization comprises of the employees who search for the potential clients and the requirements of the clients (Phillips Phillips, 2016). Then they transfer the data to the external department, which manages the requirement of the clients through the functions of the skilled drivers of the organization. in order to make improvements, the company must take steps to make the people working in the internal departments aware of the languages used by the various clients and the tourist visiting the region. This will enhance the retention rate of the clients. on the other hand, training must be undertaken by the organizat ion for the external departments as well. it comprises of the drivers. The drivers must be able to use their personal interface. It will be helping them to reach out to the clients. The drivers must be proficient in utilizing the interface, which will be helping them to reach to the clients and adhere to the requirements of the clients. It will be helping the organization in retaining the market. Individual training needs The training of the individuals is an important aspect undertaken by the organization in order to ensure that the organizational goals are being achieved. The performance of the individuals determines the organizational performance and therefore the organization takes steps to enhance the performance of the individuals (Cummings Worley, 2014). The individual learning needs can be due to certain factors that the company must focus on. It helps in enhancing the capabilities of the individuals. The different factors supporting the needs are being discussed in this section of the report: Lack of technical knowledge Technical knowledge of the individuals play an important role in this organization, as the functions are being undertaken through the user interface (Esser et al., 2013). The proper usage of the interface might prove to be beneficial for the organization. Language as a barrier The language used by the people and the clients can be a barrier in the efficiency of the services that are being provided by the organization. The language helps in determining the most common objective of the organization. Communication is an important consideration that the company must undertake in order to raise the efficiency of the performance of the organization in the market structure (McCarthy Milner, 2013). Individual Attitudes The individual attitudes of the employees are again a concern that the company must undertake. The professional approach of the employees is to be taught to the employees based on the individuals characteristics (Asawasakulsorn, 2015). The individual attitude towards the performance of the job profile is an important consideration undertaken by the organization. Learning outcomes for the training programs The learning outcomes are based on the training that the company is planning to take in order to enhance the capabilities of the employees. It will be helping the company in retaining the clients. The learning outcomes are a set of expected outcomes that the employees might gain after the training is undertaken. The outcomes are being enumerated in this section of the analysis. The employees gain knowledge of the technologies involved in the process of their job role. Moreover, they understand the ways in which the user interface can be used effectively. It will be helping the organization to retain the clients. The training will affect the cognitive ability and improve the language and the soft skills of the employees, which will be helping them to interact with the clients. Therefore, the training will be enhancing the communicative skills of the employees. The training will also help the employees hold a professional approach to their job role. References Asawasakulsorn, A. (2015). Transportation Collaboration: Partner Selection Criteria and Interorganizational System Design Issues for Supporting Trust.International Journal of Business and Information,4(2). Chang, L. Y., Hung, S. C. (2013). Adoption and loyalty toward low cost carriers: The case of TaipeiSingapore passengers.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,50, 29-36. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Esser, K., Hillebrand, W., Messner, D., Meyer-Stamer, J. (2013).Systemic competitiveness: new governance patterns for industrial development. Routledge. Khisty, C. J., Lall, B. K. (2017).Transportation engineering. Pearson Education India. McCarthy, G., Milner, J. (2013). Managerial coaching: challenges, opportunities and training.Journal of Management Development,32(7), 768-779. Phillips, J. J., Phillips, P. P. (2016).Handbook of training evaluation and measurement methods. Routledge. Rolim, C. C., Gonalves, G. N., Farias, T. L., Rodrigues, . (2012). Impacts of electric vehicle adoption on driver behavior and environmental performance.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,54, 706-715. Tolley, R., Turton, B. J. (2014).Transport systems, policy and planning: a geographical approach. Routledge. Young, M. S., Birrell, S. A., Stanton, N. A. (2012). Safe driving in a green world: A review of driver performance benchmarks and technologies to support smartdriving.Applied ergonomics,42(4), 533-539.

Essay on The Modernity of Bollywood Example For Students

Essay on The Modernity of Bollywood Film is a form of art that is formally used as a means of entertainment. Yet, through time making films are now a part of a massive industry. This paper will explore the importance of entertainment, specifically films that are made in India. The focus of this paper will be to introduce the arrival of film in India through different time periods and how several historical events have impacted the Bollywood industry. Moreover, once a general idea of how Bollywood development through time is explained, we will then establish why the Bollywood industry is unique and different from any other film industry in the world. This will also include the different factors which have influenced the Bollywood industry. Lastly, this paper will demonstrate how the modernization of Bollywood has had an impact on India. The approach of this paper will be through a historical retrospective, in addition to economic and anthropological aspects which will be used to demonstrate several concept within these disciplines. The economical concepts include capitalism, marketing and commercialisation. Furthermore, anthropological concepts such as social class, traditions and gender will also be discussed throughout this paper. Alfred Adler’s Inferiority Complex will be used specifically as a psychological theory as an explanation to an impact that has been resulted through the Bollywood film industry. As this paper will be focusing on Bollywood, it is crucial to understand what Bollywood actually is. Bollywood is the biggest film industry in the world and is also known as â€Å"the Hollywood of Bombay† (Nayar, 1997). It is commonly referred to as Indian cinema. However, the correct â€Å"definition† would be Hindi cinema, since the dialogue of the films released are in Hindi. There are several film industries within the Indian film industry. Yet, this paper swill specifically focues on the Bollywood industry and demonstrate the impact it’s had on people living in India. Arrival of Film in India The historical representation of film in India be classified in three stages. These stages would be the introduction film, the Golden Age and the modernization of Bollywood. Film was first introduced in India during colonialism, in 1912. Through film maing, the citizns of Inia had an opportunity to finally be free from foreign influence and they were now able to express their identity and illustrate their culture (Rao, 2007). According to Nasreen Rehman, a historian of South Asian cinema, the term Bollywood emerged during the late 20th century (Ghosh, 2013). Although Bollywood is known for producing films in Hindi, the first silent film called Shree pundalik released is actually regarded as a film in Marathi, and not Hindi. Marathi is the official language of Maharashtra, which is where the city of Bombay —now known as Mumbai— is located. This is why the first few silent films released are recognized as Marathi films, rather than Hindi films in the Bollywood industry. A lthough Shree pundalik is a film that was technically released in India, many have argued that this should not be considered India’s first film since it is basically a pictorial representation of a Marathi play and the cameraman was also British. In 1913, Raja Harishchandra which is recognized as India’s first full length feature film was released (Chanakya Desk, 2010). This film also gives a representation of the famous Indian epics Mahabharata and Ramayana. The influence of Indian epic poetry will be further discussed in this paper. Although, Raja Harishchandra is an important aspect to the history of Bollywood, Alam Ara was the first sound film to be released in 1931 in which the dialogue spoke is purely Hindi and this film had one of the greatest effects of the film industry (Chanakya Desk, 2010). It completely transformed the way future films were being made not only because of its commercial success, but because of the opportunity it gave directors to produce musicals. During this period, three fundamental historical events took place which was significantly involved with the plots of the films. The Great Depression, World War Two and the Indian Independence Movement all took place during the 1930’s to 194 0’s and many film makers depicted the social issues through film. This is where the transition from portraying traditional and cultural stories in film to realistic social issues and struggles took place. Corporal Punishment EssayMany of these individuals feel as though they cannot relate to these films anymore and they also compare the films that are now being released to those made in 1950’s. They point out that during the 1950’s directors such as Raj Kapoor who is known for making realistic films would actually represent India, with the good and the bad (Rao, 2007). Thus, Bollywood films have become unrealistic and unrelatable to a vast majority of Indians since these films to don’t portray a realistic aspect of India. A result of the modernization of Bollywood would be the sexualisation of women in songs. As previously discussed, songs and dance are crucial for a Bollywood film to be successful at the box office. Yet, the addition of item songs in films are progressively growing (Mohanty, 2010). An item song –also known as item number- is a song which has nothing to do with the plot of the film. It basically showcases a woman, sometimes a man, in revealing clothing dancing to a song for the pleasure of the male or female audience. The woman will dance in a seductive and sexual manner to please the audience and through this, she is being sexualized. She is being exploited by the film industry to and is being subjected to sexual objectification. Interestingly, the term item is actually Mumbai slang for a sexy female. In these item songs, many women are willingly being portrayed as sexual objects who are only present for a man’s needs. Through a psychological analysis, Alfred Adler†™s Inferiority Complex theory can be used to answer why these females are approving of being portrayed in a sexual manner. Through Adler’s perspective, women have low self-esteem and self-worth since they have always been constantly discouraged to feel equal to a man. This leads to the feeling of inferiority to men. Thus, through these item songs, woman will try to dominate men through seduction and manipulation. Works Cited Andrew, G. (2001). Baz Luhrmann (I). In Guardian News and Media. Retrieved from: http://www.theguardian.com/film/2001/sep/07/1 Ghosh, P. (2013). Bollywood At 100: How Big Is Indias Mammoth Film Industry? In International Business Times. Retrieved from http://www.ibtimes.com/bollywood-100- how-big-indias-mammoth-film-industry-1236299 Gopalan, L. (2008). Film Culture In Chennai. Film Quarterly, 62(1), 40-45. doi: 10.1525/fq.2008.62.1.40 Gupta, C. D. (1980). New Directions in Indian Cinema. Film Quarterly, 34(1), 32-42. doi: 10.2307/1211852 Gupta, C. D. (1969). Indian Cinema Today. Film Quarterly, 22(4), 27-35. doi: 10.2307/1210307 Mohanty, P. (2010). Bollywood item numbers: from Monica to Munni. In Pixelonomics. Retrieved from http://www.pixelonomics.com/bollywood-item-numbers-monica-to- munni Rao, S. (2007). The Globalization of Bollywood: An Ethnography of Non-Elite Audiences in India. Communication Review, 10(1), 57-76. doi:10.1080/10714420601168491 Tesson, C. (n.d.). Bollywood. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from http://proxy4.vaniercollege.qc.ca:2105/encyclopedie/bollywood/

Tortures in law enforcement structures of the Republic of Tajikistan

Introduction ?Eradication of torture is the deed of conscience of everyone and each person. Pain and suffering of each separate victim surmount the political, religious and cultural barriers, and therefore we, all of us, are obliged to put efforts and aspire to the one common purpose ? to human World whereat there is no place for torture?. (ICRVT, 1) The issues related to human rights have become the main component of everyday activity of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan. During the independence years Tajikistan has ratified the significant number of international agreements, pacts and other legal documents in the area of human rights, thus being taken commitments to develop and protect various human rights and freedoms. As human rights are inalienable, all people without any exclusions posses and use them. Alongside with that sometimes there may appear a desire to deprive this or that group of people of their rights completely or partially. There is a viewpoint that a person who committed a crime or charged for a crime, he ignored the rights and freedoms of victims and thus deprived himself of all his rights and we can behave in the same way towards him. But let us not forget that if we shall deprive some certain groups of their rights and freedoms and subject them to tortures, by that we threaten after all our humaneness and violate hundreds-years established principles and norms of humanism. The torture is one of the violations of human rights which today the international community and human rights advocates all around the globe are most anxious of. What is it torture? One of the best definitions of torture is that written in Convention against torture (CAT) which runs as follows: ?Torture means any action in which to any person it is caused intentionally physical or mental pain or suffering for obtaining from him or the third person information or acknowledgment (avowal), to punish him or the third person for action(s) he did, and also to frighten or force him or the third person, or, by any other reason which is based upon discrimination of any form, when such pain or suffering inflicted by a state official or other person who is acting as an official character or by their solicitation or with their knowledge or tacit consent. (Jiffar, 6)? The torture is used as kind of punishment with the purpose of obtaining information or to force detained person to give testimony against him or to give avowal of guilt. And yet, the torture is used for frightening of detainees, for keeping them in a state of shock and in inaction. The main aim of torture is infliction of maximal possible physical and mental pain, however debarring death, and thereby to make detainee to give in.

Sample Graduate Student Essay Outlines

Sample Graduate Student Essay OutlinesDo you want to write a sample graduate student essay outline? It's not that hard. It just takes a little bit of time and some elbow grease to get the outline ready. You don't want your students to have to write an outline because it will be easy for them to forget about them.When students are in the writing program, they often wonder what kind of sample graduate student outline they should write. Sometimes they get confused by all the different outline guides. They have no idea what to do or how to begin with. Here is a helpful little tip that will help you be sure that you are going to be writing a good student essay outline.If you are thinking about writing a thesis paper for a master's degree or even a bachelor's degree, you will need to prepare a sample thesis statement. This statement is required for every student. This will give the student a little bit of direction to start out on their research and writing process. You should use this as a sample graduate student thesis outline. You can also use this as a guideline when writing your student essays.However, sometimes students get a little confused when they first get their sample thesis statement. They want to take it and use it for their personal statement. In the beginning, it is good to follow this particular outline. After all, you are not an expert at writing. Follow the guide exactly.There are a few things that you need to consider when writing a sample graduate student essay outline. The first thing is the name of the student. For each student, you should write their full name. Most likely, you will find that these names are your own. However, if you do not have your own name, you can always use the student's name as a starting point.The second thing that you need to consider when writing a sample graduate student essay outline is the time frame for the essay. Many students find that the semester is the best time to do this. Although it is very helpful, the be st time for writing is always the summer or spring.It is important to understand the need to revise a sample graduate student essay outline. It may need a little tweaking here and there. This is when it is good to consult with a friend or parent. This is your opportunity to get their input to make sure that you have the best outline possible.If you think about it, writing a sample graduate student essay outline is a great way to develop your skills as a writer. You will have an outline to follow, and it will help you write better and more interesting graduate student essays.