Tortures in law enforcement structures of the Republic of Tajikistan

Introduction ?Eradication of torture is the deed of conscience of everyone and each person. Pain and suffering of each separate victim surmount the political, religious and cultural barriers, and therefore we, all of us, are obliged to put efforts and aspire to the one common purpose ? to human World whereat there is no place for torture?. (ICRVT, 1) The issues related to human rights have become the main component of everyday activity of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan. During the independence years Tajikistan has ratified the significant number of international agreements, pacts and other legal documents in the area of human rights, thus being taken commitments to develop and protect various human rights and freedoms. As human rights are inalienable, all people without any exclusions posses and use them. Alongside with that sometimes there may appear a desire to deprive this or that group of people of their rights completely or partially. There is a viewpoint that a person who committed a crime or charged for a crime, he ignored the rights and freedoms of victims and thus deprived himself of all his rights and we can behave in the same way towards him. But let us not forget that if we shall deprive some certain groups of their rights and freedoms and subject them to tortures, by that we threaten after all our humaneness and violate hundreds-years established principles and norms of humanism. The torture is one of the violations of human rights which today the international community and human rights advocates all around the globe are most anxious of. What is it torture? One of the best definitions of torture is that written in Convention against torture (CAT) which runs as follows: ?Torture means any action in which to any person it is caused intentionally physical or mental pain or suffering for obtaining from him or the third person information or acknowledgment (avowal), to punish him or the third person for action(s) he did, and also to frighten or force him or the third person, or, by any other reason which is based upon discrimination of any form, when such pain or suffering inflicted by a state official or other person who is acting as an official character or by their solicitation or with their knowledge or tacit consent. (Jiffar, 6)? The torture is used as kind of punishment with the purpose of obtaining information or to force detained person to give testimony against him or to give avowal of guilt. And yet, the torture is used for frightening of detainees, for keeping them in a state of shock and in inaction. The main aim of torture is infliction of maximal possible physical and mental pain, however debarring death, and thereby to make detainee to give in.

Sample Graduate Student Essay Outlines

Sample Graduate Student Essay OutlinesDo you want to write a sample graduate student essay outline? It's not that hard. It just takes a little bit of time and some elbow grease to get the outline ready. You don't want your students to have to write an outline because it will be easy for them to forget about them.When students are in the writing program, they often wonder what kind of sample graduate student outline they should write. Sometimes they get confused by all the different outline guides. They have no idea what to do or how to begin with. Here is a helpful little tip that will help you be sure that you are going to be writing a good student essay outline.If you are thinking about writing a thesis paper for a master's degree or even a bachelor's degree, you will need to prepare a sample thesis statement. This statement is required for every student. This will give the student a little bit of direction to start out on their research and writing process. You should use this as a sample graduate student thesis outline. You can also use this as a guideline when writing your student essays.However, sometimes students get a little confused when they first get their sample thesis statement. They want to take it and use it for their personal statement. In the beginning, it is good to follow this particular outline. After all, you are not an expert at writing. Follow the guide exactly.There are a few things that you need to consider when writing a sample graduate student essay outline. The first thing is the name of the student. For each student, you should write their full name. Most likely, you will find that these names are your own. However, if you do not have your own name, you can always use the student's name as a starting point.The second thing that you need to consider when writing a sample graduate student essay outline is the time frame for the essay. Many students find that the semester is the best time to do this. Although it is very helpful, the be st time for writing is always the summer or spring.It is important to understand the need to revise a sample graduate student essay outline. It may need a little tweaking here and there. This is when it is good to consult with a friend or parent. This is your opportunity to get their input to make sure that you have the best outline possible.If you think about it, writing a sample graduate student essay outline is a great way to develop your skills as a writer. You will have an outline to follow, and it will help you write better and more interesting graduate student essays.

Anglo Saxons Essay essays

Anglo Saxons Essay essays William Butler Yeats stated that, Supreme are is a traditional statement of certain heroic and religious truths, passed on from age to age.... When he said this, he is most definitely talking about the Anglo-Saxon era and their style of writing. The Anglo-Saxons were very into warriors and heroes and how heir stories are handed down from generation to generation. When these stories were written down, monks wrote them down. The monks then added parts about God and the heavens, and about all the religious facts they could. Thus mixing the warrior and heroic mentality with the religious faith of the Christians. This aspect of the heroic and religious truths is no more evident than in the story of Beowulf. In Beowulf, we can clearly see the mix of ideas. Beowulf is this huge hero who is not afraid of anything at all. He knows that he can win, and he knows that no matter what he will win. When he steps up to battle with Grendel, he fights with no armor at all. He does not even use a weapon. He kills this huge monster that destroyed all of Herot, with his bare hands. He had so much faith in the strength that God gave him, and he didnt even believe he needed any help. That idea worked until he had to fight the huge dragon. When Beowulf fights the dragon, he is killed. He does slay the dragon, but in doing so he gives up his own life, which shows that he is mortal and God could take him from this life. Another example of the mix of heroic and religious truths is in the poem The Seafarer. The main character, or the speaker, is talking about his life at sea and all of the aspects of it. He talks, Of smashing surf when I sweated in the cold. Of an anxious watch, perched in the bow. As it dashed under cliffs. We can see that the life at sea is not a very easy one. Nor is it very safe at all. There is the heroic part of it. The religious part of this piece is at the end, and it is very hard...

Ethnic Difference in Quality of Life in Adolescent Essay

Ethnic Difference in Quality of Life in Adolescent - Essay Example It is the assessment of physical, mental and social well-being and for informed healthcare decision making (Wee, 2007). Singapore is a multi-ethnic city-state, with a resident population of 3.26 million persons in 2000 of which 76.8% are Chinese, 13.9% Malays and 7.9% Indians (Leow, 2001). Singapore is wholly urban, and has undergone rapid economic and demographic transitions over the last 40 years, from a poor country with a high fertility rate, to a rich one with one of the lowest fertility rates in Asia and a rapidly aging population. This paper describes self-rated health in Singapore, and examines the socio-economic factors and health behaviors associated with poor health ratings. It concludes by discussing the public health implications of the findings. In this article, focus is on transitions during adolescent where individuals are more of experimental nature and want to try new stuffs which encompass risk and addiction behaviors such as consumption of tobacco, alcohol use along with various conditions of violence, accidental injury and suicide. The article is based on the questionnaire which focuses on health-related quality of life in adolescents. The QOL is same what so ever cultural values are present. There are various factors governing the influence of ethnicity on health and health related quality of life, this encompass biological, demographic, psycho-social, behavioral and environmental factors. The article emphasizes that to observe ethnic differences, cultural differences would be excluded and socio-economic and health status is considered. The article has taken cross- national differences in adolescent QOL. Method Random selection of 1397 early and mid-adolescents of the age group 10- 15 years was made in two stages from 40 schools. The first stage encompassed random selection of schools out of 341 schools (primary, government, primary government aided, secondary government, secondary government aided, secondary school independent and full primary and secondary schools). The study made in the article is base on the questionnaire from Japanese researcher but a few (39) questions were eliminated with a thought that they were beyond the understanding of the participants. These were related with sexual subjects, work, mobility and personal beliefs. This is controversial with the assumptions that authors have made about the adolescents in introduction part stating that children over 9-10 years age are able to report on subjective concepts such as behavior or self-esteem (Landgraf, 1996, Stone, 1990). The article has incorporated some additional questions based on school life and peer relationships. The QOLQA then comprised of 70 items and pre-tested on 77 subjects. The questionnaire was translated in the Chinese which was not required as the ethnic differences were observed in Singapore where the primary language of instruction is English. This was not required, moreover 70 items in the questionnaire was divided into five domains, physical (8 items) encompassing pain, discomfort, energy and fatigue, sleep and rest; psychological (33 items) encompassing positive feelings, self esteem, body image and appearance, negative feelings; independence (6 items): activities of daily living,

Why Evolution Is True Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Why Evolution Is True - Term Paper Example Most religions believe in a common concept of creation by a Supernatural Being. A commonly accepted account of this theory is found in the Bible, which is inscribed that God created the earth and all its content in five days and by words and on the sixth day He created man from mud. Despite the shortage of evidence to support this claim, the theory was, and it still is widely accepted by people. According to Coyne 2009, â€Å"if we came across a watch lying on the ground, he said, we would certainly recognize it as the work of a watchmaker. Likewise, the existence of a well adapted organism and their intricate features surely implies a conscious, celestial designer- God (p. 17). A different theory that got publicity was the theory of spontaneous generation; this theory suggests that living organisms rise suddenly and spontaneously from no-living matter (Lennox, 1982). For example, crocodiles were believed to originate from logs of wood in the water. This theory was widely accepted in ancient Greek and Egypt. The theory was supported by many famously known scientists and philosophers including Aristotle, Descartes and Galileo. However, this theory was disapproved in the 19th century by Louis Pasteur, who through several experiments, proved that life had to originate from other living organisms. Another theory explaining the origin of life is the theory of Panspermia. This theory proposes that living organisms like bacteria exists throughout the entire universe and that through meteoroids, asteroids and other heavenly bodies; they travel randomly until they find planets with ideal conditions for growth. Earth was one of the planets with these conditions and when heavenly bodies carrying living organism collided, life began. Some forms of the panspermia hypothesis suggest that life commenced elsewhere in the universe and arrived here on earth through comets, meteorites or planetary collision (Andrulis, 2011).   

Images of female bodies Essay Example for Free

Images of female bodies Essay Images of female bodies and female sexuality are displayed everywhere. Many images of women portrayed in the mainstream media glorify the ideal image of women and the feminine ideal. This paper discusses the way in which the media portrays the feminine ideal in mainstream media and compares the feminine ideal with the masculine ideal and the ideal image of women depicted in prior periods of history. The perfection that is idealized in the mainstream media is deliberating to women where images of beautiful women are plastered all around them and they feel that they need to aspire to a perfect celebrity image by being the perfect weight, wearing the best clothes and buying the latest make up that makes them look as beautiful as celebrities such as Scarlett Johansen. Media activist Jean Kilbourne is at the forefront of this media debate and argues that the images of women in the media means that real woman’s bodies have become invisible in the mass media. Advertising creates a mythical, mostly white world in which people are rarely ugly, overweight, poor, struggling or disabled, either physically or mentally. ’’ (Kilbourne, Beauty and the Beast). The problem of this `feminine ideal’ is that media images of beauty are unattainable for most of the women that aspire to this perfect image. The portrayal of the ideal body shape in celebrities applies a cultural pressure to be thin and achieve the ideal body shape on women who read magazines and the like. They sell values, images, and concepts of success and worth, love and sexuality, popularity and normalcy. They tell us who we are and who we should be. ’’ (Kilbourne, Beauty and the Beast) In contrast to the way that females are depicted mainstream media today it is interesting to look at ways that females were portrayed in prior periods of history. The more robust female figure was glorified in the past as seen in the art works and described in the literature of yester year. As time goes on the image of the `feminine ideal’ is becoming smaller and smaller. It is not only the female body that is imaged in the media but the masculine form as well. Masculinity is constructed in a similar way to which femininity has been constructed over the past few decades. Mainstream media representations play a role in enforcing the media representations of men and what it means to be a ‘real’ man in society. Traits that are typical of this ‘real’ man image include but are not limited to self -control, control of others, aggression and physical desirability. In conclusion, it is clear to see that the media now portrays an ideal image for both women and men to aspire to and that it is the media that idealizes and constructs this perfect and sometimes unattainable image. References Kilbourne, Jean. The Beauty and the Beast of Advertising. In Diana George John Trimbur (Eds. ) Reading Culture (pp. 178-184). New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. 1999.

Does Solar Energy Have a Future? Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research

Although the sun has been in its place in the heavens for nearly 4 billion years and promises to be there for at least 5 billion more, relatively little has been learned about the glow that is this planetà ¢s "orbital governor" and life support (Ericson, 3). Mankind lives in belief that the sun is about "93 million light years from earth and about 865,000 miles in diameter," (Ericson, 4). Some would argue that the scientific discovery of facts such as these has reduced mankindà ¢s relationship with the sun to mere attempts at obtaining solar data, rather than the continuation of developing scientific discoveries into useful development practices. As mentioned above, the earth has orbited the sun for ages, fueling nearly all biological life processes. With this in mind, it seems inconceivable that this ancient provider could possibly continue to support the demanding energy needs of human development in the present age of fossil fuel combustion. With generations native to the later part of the 20th century there exists an obvious disbelief that the answer to increasing energy needs and problematic fuel shortages could be found in plain sight on any given day. What is unknown to many is that solar design is not a term used solely in reference to natural processes, but rather an investigation of passive design, engineered heaters and photovoltaic systems to serve mankindà ¢s energy needs. While widely unrecognized, people utilize it to complete many commonplace tasks, such as harnessing the wind to dry laundry, using solar covers to heat swimming pools and the planting of shade trees outdoors to produce a low temperature environment to name a few. What these everyday tasks illuminate that is not reflected by the commercial energy indus... ...Harcourt Brace and World, 1963. Butti, K. and Perlin, J. A Golden Thread: 2500 Years of Solar Architecture and Technology. New York: Littleton Educational Publishing, 1980. Berman, D.M. and Oà ¢Connor, J.T. Who Owns the Sun? People, Politics, and the Struggle for a Solar Economy. White River Junction: Chelsea Green Publishing, 1996. Beattie, Donald A. History and Overview of Solar Heat Technologies. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1997. Reece, Ray. The Sun Betrayed: A Report on the Corporate Seizure of U.S. Solar Energy Development. Montreal: Black Rose Books, 1979. Flavin, C. and Lenssen, N. Beyond the Petroleum Age: Designing a Solar Economy. Worldwatch Paper 100, 1990. Ericson, Katharine. The Solar Jobs Book. Andover: Brick House Publishing, 1980. Henderson, Hazel. The Politics of the Solar Age: Alternatives to Economics. Garden City: Anchor Books, 1981.